UPGRADE YOUR LEVEL TO SIMPLE TO ADVANCED ANDROID USER!.!!
>What is Android and what is an Android phone?
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) currently developed
by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily
for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and
tablets.
>What is Rooting on Android ?
Rooting is the Android equivalent of
jailbreaking, a means of unlocking the
operating system so you can install
unapproved (by Google) apps, update the
OS, replace the firmware, overclock (or
underclock) the processor, customize just
about anything, and so on.
>What is Bootloader/Hboot?
With a locked bootloader on Android devices, it is virtually
impossible to flash a Custom ROM and forced attempts void
warranty as well as usually end up in bricks. Therefore, the
first step is to always unlock the bootloader .
>What is the meaning of "flashing,,
The ROM memory used in smartphones and
tablets etc. is often same as flash memory found in SD
cards and USB flash drives, simply optimized for better
speed and performance while running the operating
system.
>What is a Custom Recovery on Android, and Why
Would I Want One?
Custom recoveries often have the ability
to create and restore device backups.
Custom recoveries allow you to install
custom ROMs . ClockworkMod even offers a
“ROM Manager” app that allows you to
access many of these features from a
running Android system — this app
requires a custom recovery installed to function.
>What is firmware ?
Firmware is the operating software
available on an Android device, and it is
available in different versions designed by
different manufacturers. Basically it's the
device-specific part of the software.
>What is an Android Custom ROM ?
“ ROM ” stands for “read-only memory.” A custom ROM
replaces your device's Android operating system — normally
stored in read-only memory — with a new version of the
Android operating system. Custom ROMs are different from
acquiring root access.
>What is adb in Android ?
Android Debug Bridge (adb ) is a versatile
command line tool that lets you
communicate with an emulator instance or
connected Android -powered device. It is a
client-server program that includes three
components: A client, which runs on your
development machine.
>What is a kernel?
A kernel is a layer of code that allows the OS
and applications to interface with your phone's
hardware. The degree in which you can access your
phone's hardware features depends on the quality of
code in the kernel. The homebrew (rooting) community
for HTC has made several kernel code improvements
that give us additional features from our hardware that
the stock kernel does not. When you flash a custom
ROM, you automatically get a kernel. But you can also
flash a standalone kernel ROM on top of the existing
one, effectively overwriting it. These days, the difference
in custom kernels is less about new features and more
about alternate configurations. Choosing a custom
kernel is basically choosing one that works best with
your ROM.
>What is recovery mode?
Recovery Mode :A small separate operating mode you can
boot your device into, used for device administration.
Two popular custom recovery modes are Amon Ra and
Clockwork.
>what is superuser/su?
Superuser/SU :eek:n many computer operating systems,
the superuser is a special user account used for system
administration. Depending on the operating system, the
actual name of this account might be: root,
administrator or supervisor.
Normal work on such a system is done using ordinary
user accounts, and because these do not have the ability
to make system-wide changes any viruses and other
malware - or simple user errors - do not have the
ability to adversly affect a whole system. In
organizations, administrative privileges are often
reserved for authorized experienced individuals.
>what is stock?
Stock :This is the operating system in its default form,
without any modifications made to it except for any
device-specific support required to run it on the
particular device.
>what is nandroid?
Nandroid :To backup the current running rom.
>what is bootloop?
Bootloop :When your system recycles over and over
without entering the main OS.
>what is cache?
Cache :A component that transparently stores data so
that future requests for that data can be served faster.
The data that is stored within a cache might be values
that have been computed earlier or duplicates of original
values that are stored elsewhere. If requested data is
contained in the cache (cache hit), this request can be
served by simply reading the cache, which is
comparatively faster. Otherwise (cache miss), the data
has to be recomputed or fetched from its original
storage location, which is comparatively slower. Hence,
the greater the number of requests that can be served
from the cache, the faster the overall system
performance becomes.
>what is dalvik cache?
Dalvik Cache :Writable cache that contains the
optimized bytecode of all apk files (apps) on your
Android device. Having the information in it's own
cache makes applications load faster and perform
better.
>
what is EX2?
EXT2 :The ext2 or second extended filesystem is a file
system for the Linux kernel. It was initially designed by
Rémy Card as a replacement for the extended file
system (ext).
ext2 was the default filesystem in several Linux
distributions, including Debian and Red Hat Linux, until
supplanted more recently by ext3, which is almost
completely compatible with ext2 and is a journaling file
system. ext2 is still the filesystem of choice for flash-
based storage media (such as SD cards, and USB flash
drives) since its lack of a journal minimizes the number
of writes and flash devices have only a limited number
of write cycles. Recent kernels, however, support a
journal-less mode of ext4, which would offer the same
benefit along with a number of ext4-specific benefits.
>What is EX3?
EXT3 :Third extended filesystem, is a journaled file
system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It is
the default file system for many popular Linux
distributions, including Debian. Stephen Tweedie first
revealed that he was working on extending ext2 in
Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem in a 1998 paper
and later in a February 1999 kernel mailing list posting,
and the filesystem was merged with the mainline Linux
kernel in November 2001 from 2.4.15 onward.Its main
advantage over ext2 is journaling, which improves
reliability and eliminates the need to check the file
system after an unclean shutdown. Its successor is
ext4.
>what is EX4?
EXT4 :It was born as a series of backward compatible
extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed
by Cluster File Systems for the Lustre file system
between 2003 and 2006, meant to extend storage limits
and add other performance improvements.However,
other Linux kernel developers opposed accepting
extensions to ext3 for stability reasons,and proposed to
fork the source code of ext3, rename it as ext4, and do
all the development there, without affecting the current
ext3 users. This proposal was accepted, and on 28 June
2006, Theodore Ts'o, the ext3 maintainer, announced
the new plan of development for ext4.
>what is Partition?
Partition:The phone's internal memory (not the SD
card) is solid-state (flash) memory, AKA NAND. It can
be partitioned much like a normal hard drive can be
partitioned. The bootloader exists in its own partition.
Recovery is another partition; radio, system, cache, etc
are all partitions.
Here are the standard partitions on an Android phone:
/misc - not sure what this is for.
/boot - bootloader, kernel
/recovery - holds the recovery program (either
clockworkmod or RA recovery for a rooted Evo)
/system - operating system goes here: Android, Sense,
boot animation, Sprint crapware, busybox, etc
/cache - cached data from OS usage
/data - user applications, data, settings, etc.
>what is Fastboot?
Fastboot:A diagnostic protocol used primarily to modify
the flash filesystem in Android smartphones from
another computer over a USB connection. It is part of
the Android Debug Bridge library.
Utilizing the Fastboot protocol requires that the device
be started in a boot loader or Second Program Loader
mode in which only the most basic hardware
initialization is performed. After enabling the protocol on
the device itself it will accept any command sent to it
over USB via a command line. Some of most commonly
used fastboot commands include:
>what is Mod?
Mod :The act of modifying a piece of hardware or
software or anything else for that matter, to perform a
function not originally conceived or intended by the
designer.
>What is Nightly?
Nightly :A build that is performed at the end of each
day of development. If you use a continuous integration
server, it will generally be configured to build the code
and run the unit tests on every check in. At the end of
each day you may want to run more extensive tests,
regression test and integration tests for example, which
take too long to run on each check in and these would
be triggered after the nightly build. If you have a full
continuously delivery pipeline the nightly build may also
be used to deploy the built code to environments for
user testing.
>what is overclock?
Overclock:To increase the speed of your CPU.
>what is underclock?
Underclock :To reduce the speed of your CPU.
>What is open GL?
Open GL:An open source 3D graphics library used in
many devices, including Android devices.
>What is SBC?
SBC : (the ability to charge your battery beyond the
default safe limit). The concept is similar to
overclocking a processor: you're overriding the safety
limits established to achieve additional performance.
The benefit here is that you may gain more use of your
battery per charge. The drawback is that you can
damage the battery and significantly reduce its
longevity. Some kernels claim they are using a safe
technique to prevent battery damage. Just be aware of
the potential risks.
>What is SDK?
SDK : (SDK or "devkit") is typically a set of software
development tools that allows for the creation of
applications for a certain software package, software
framework, hardware platform, computer system, video
game console, operating system, or similar platform.
>What is Undervolt?
Undervolt :Undervolting means taking some of the voltage
from the CPU which in return gives a longer battery life
and lower temperature during intensive use of the CPU.
>What is Boot Animation?
Boot Animation :Boot animation is a term for a graphical
representation of the boot process of the operating
system.
Boot animation can be a simple visualisation of the
scrolling boot messages in the console, but it can also
present graphics or some combinations of both.
Unlike splash screens, boot screen or boot animation is
not necessarily designed for marketing purposes, but can
be to enhance the experience of the user as eye candy,
or provide the user with messages (with an added
advantage of color coding facility) to diagnose the state
of the system.
>What is script?
Script :The Scripting Layer for Android (abridged as
SL4A, and previously named Android Scripting
Environment or ASE) is a library that allows the
creation and running of scripts written in various
scripting languages directly on Android devices. SL4A is
designed for developers and is still alpha quality
software.
These scripts have access to many of the APIs available
to normal Java Android applications, but with a
simplified interface. Scripts can be run interactively in a
terminal, in the background, or via Locale.
>What is Updater Script?
Updater Script :When Android devices install updates via
'update.zip' files using recovery mode they have to
perform a wide range of functions on files and
permissions. Instead of using a minimal shell such as
{b,d,c}sh the Android designers decided to create a
small functional language that can be extended by
device manufacturers if necessary. Since the Android
"Donut" release (v1.6) the scripting language is called
Edify and is defined primarily in the bootable/recovery/
{edify,edifyscripting,updater} directories of the Android
source-code tree.
####Article by SHIVAM PANDEY ####
Android is a mobile operating system (OS) currently developed
by Google, based on the Linux kernel and designed primarily
for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and
tablets.
>What is Rooting on Android ?
Rooting is the Android equivalent of
jailbreaking, a means of unlocking the
operating system so you can install
unapproved (by Google) apps, update the
OS, replace the firmware, overclock (or
underclock) the processor, customize just
about anything, and so on.
>What is Bootloader/Hboot?
With a locked bootloader on Android devices, it is virtually
impossible to flash a Custom ROM and forced attempts void
warranty as well as usually end up in bricks. Therefore, the
first step is to always unlock the bootloader .
>What is the meaning of "flashing,,
The ROM memory used in smartphones and
tablets etc. is often same as flash memory found in SD
cards and USB flash drives, simply optimized for better
speed and performance while running the operating
system.
>What is a Custom Recovery on Android, and Why
Would I Want One?
Custom recoveries often have the ability
to create and restore device backups.
Custom recoveries allow you to install
custom ROMs . ClockworkMod even offers a
“ROM Manager” app that allows you to
access many of these features from a
running Android system — this app
requires a custom recovery installed to function.
>What is firmware ?
Firmware is the operating software
available on an Android device, and it is
available in different versions designed by
different manufacturers. Basically it's the
device-specific part of the software.
>What is an Android Custom ROM ?
“ ROM ” stands for “read-only memory.” A custom ROM
replaces your device's Android operating system — normally
stored in read-only memory — with a new version of the
Android operating system. Custom ROMs are different from
acquiring root access.
>What is adb in Android ?
Android Debug Bridge (adb ) is a versatile
command line tool that lets you
communicate with an emulator instance or
connected Android -powered device. It is a
client-server program that includes three
components: A client, which runs on your
development machine.
>What is a kernel?
A kernel is a layer of code that allows the OS
and applications to interface with your phone's
hardware. The degree in which you can access your
phone's hardware features depends on the quality of
code in the kernel. The homebrew (rooting) community
for HTC has made several kernel code improvements
that give us additional features from our hardware that
the stock kernel does not. When you flash a custom
ROM, you automatically get a kernel. But you can also
flash a standalone kernel ROM on top of the existing
one, effectively overwriting it. These days, the difference
in custom kernels is less about new features and more
about alternate configurations. Choosing a custom
kernel is basically choosing one that works best with
your ROM.
>What is recovery mode?
Recovery Mode :A small separate operating mode you can
boot your device into, used for device administration.
Two popular custom recovery modes are Amon Ra and
Clockwork.
>what is superuser/su?
Superuser/SU :eek:n many computer operating systems,
the superuser is a special user account used for system
administration. Depending on the operating system, the
actual name of this account might be: root,
administrator or supervisor.
Normal work on such a system is done using ordinary
user accounts, and because these do not have the ability
to make system-wide changes any viruses and other
malware - or simple user errors - do not have the
ability to adversly affect a whole system. In
organizations, administrative privileges are often
reserved for authorized experienced individuals.
>what is stock?
Stock :This is the operating system in its default form,
without any modifications made to it except for any
device-specific support required to run it on the
particular device.
>what is nandroid?
Nandroid :To backup the current running rom.
>what is bootloop?
Bootloop :When your system recycles over and over
without entering the main OS.
>what is cache?
Cache :A component that transparently stores data so
that future requests for that data can be served faster.
The data that is stored within a cache might be values
that have been computed earlier or duplicates of original
values that are stored elsewhere. If requested data is
contained in the cache (cache hit), this request can be
served by simply reading the cache, which is
comparatively faster. Otherwise (cache miss), the data
has to be recomputed or fetched from its original
storage location, which is comparatively slower. Hence,
the greater the number of requests that can be served
from the cache, the faster the overall system
performance becomes.
>what is dalvik cache?
Dalvik Cache :Writable cache that contains the
optimized bytecode of all apk files (apps) on your
Android device. Having the information in it's own
cache makes applications load faster and perform
better.
>
what is EX2?
EXT2 :The ext2 or second extended filesystem is a file
system for the Linux kernel. It was initially designed by
Rémy Card as a replacement for the extended file
system (ext).
ext2 was the default filesystem in several Linux
distributions, including Debian and Red Hat Linux, until
supplanted more recently by ext3, which is almost
completely compatible with ext2 and is a journaling file
system. ext2 is still the filesystem of choice for flash-
based storage media (such as SD cards, and USB flash
drives) since its lack of a journal minimizes the number
of writes and flash devices have only a limited number
of write cycles. Recent kernels, however, support a
journal-less mode of ext4, which would offer the same
benefit along with a number of ext4-specific benefits.
>What is EX3?
EXT3 :Third extended filesystem, is a journaled file
system that is commonly used by the Linux kernel. It is
the default file system for many popular Linux
distributions, including Debian. Stephen Tweedie first
revealed that he was working on extending ext2 in
Journaling the Linux ext2fs Filesystem in a 1998 paper
and later in a February 1999 kernel mailing list posting,
and the filesystem was merged with the mainline Linux
kernel in November 2001 from 2.4.15 onward.Its main
advantage over ext2 is journaling, which improves
reliability and eliminates the need to check the file
system after an unclean shutdown. Its successor is
ext4.
>what is EX4?
EXT4 :It was born as a series of backward compatible
extensions to ext3, many of them originally developed
by Cluster File Systems for the Lustre file system
between 2003 and 2006, meant to extend storage limits
and add other performance improvements.However,
other Linux kernel developers opposed accepting
extensions to ext3 for stability reasons,and proposed to
fork the source code of ext3, rename it as ext4, and do
all the development there, without affecting the current
ext3 users. This proposal was accepted, and on 28 June
2006, Theodore Ts'o, the ext3 maintainer, announced
the new plan of development for ext4.
>what is Partition?
Partition:The phone's internal memory (not the SD
card) is solid-state (flash) memory, AKA NAND. It can
be partitioned much like a normal hard drive can be
partitioned. The bootloader exists in its own partition.
Recovery is another partition; radio, system, cache, etc
are all partitions.
Here are the standard partitions on an Android phone:
/misc - not sure what this is for.
/boot - bootloader, kernel
/recovery - holds the recovery program (either
clockworkmod or RA recovery for a rooted Evo)
/system - operating system goes here: Android, Sense,
boot animation, Sprint crapware, busybox, etc
/cache - cached data from OS usage
/data - user applications, data, settings, etc.
>what is Fastboot?
Fastboot:A diagnostic protocol used primarily to modify
the flash filesystem in Android smartphones from
another computer over a USB connection. It is part of
the Android Debug Bridge library.
Utilizing the Fastboot protocol requires that the device
be started in a boot loader or Second Program Loader
mode in which only the most basic hardware
initialization is performed. After enabling the protocol on
the device itself it will accept any command sent to it
over USB via a command line. Some of most commonly
used fastboot commands include:
>what is Mod?
Mod :The act of modifying a piece of hardware or
software or anything else for that matter, to perform a
function not originally conceived or intended by the
designer.
>What is Nightly?
Nightly :A build that is performed at the end of each
day of development. If you use a continuous integration
server, it will generally be configured to build the code
and run the unit tests on every check in. At the end of
each day you may want to run more extensive tests,
regression test and integration tests for example, which
take too long to run on each check in and these would
be triggered after the nightly build. If you have a full
continuously delivery pipeline the nightly build may also
be used to deploy the built code to environments for
user testing.
>what is overclock?
Overclock:To increase the speed of your CPU.
>what is underclock?
Underclock :To reduce the speed of your CPU.
>What is open GL?
Open GL:An open source 3D graphics library used in
many devices, including Android devices.
>What is SBC?
SBC : (the ability to charge your battery beyond the
default safe limit). The concept is similar to
overclocking a processor: you're overriding the safety
limits established to achieve additional performance.
The benefit here is that you may gain more use of your
battery per charge. The drawback is that you can
damage the battery and significantly reduce its
longevity. Some kernels claim they are using a safe
technique to prevent battery damage. Just be aware of
the potential risks.
>What is SDK?
SDK : (SDK or "devkit") is typically a set of software
development tools that allows for the creation of
applications for a certain software package, software
framework, hardware platform, computer system, video
game console, operating system, or similar platform.
>What is Undervolt?
Undervolt :Undervolting means taking some of the voltage
from the CPU which in return gives a longer battery life
and lower temperature during intensive use of the CPU.
>What is Boot Animation?
Boot Animation :Boot animation is a term for a graphical
representation of the boot process of the operating
system.
Boot animation can be a simple visualisation of the
scrolling boot messages in the console, but it can also
present graphics or some combinations of both.
Unlike splash screens, boot screen or boot animation is
not necessarily designed for marketing purposes, but can
be to enhance the experience of the user as eye candy,
or provide the user with messages (with an added
advantage of color coding facility) to diagnose the state
of the system.
>What is script?
Script :The Scripting Layer for Android (abridged as
SL4A, and previously named Android Scripting
Environment or ASE) is a library that allows the
creation and running of scripts written in various
scripting languages directly on Android devices. SL4A is
designed for developers and is still alpha quality
software.
These scripts have access to many of the APIs available
to normal Java Android applications, but with a
simplified interface. Scripts can be run interactively in a
terminal, in the background, or via Locale.
>What is Updater Script?
Updater Script :When Android devices install updates via
'update.zip' files using recovery mode they have to
perform a wide range of functions on files and
permissions. Instead of using a minimal shell such as
{b,d,c}sh the Android designers decided to create a
small functional language that can be extended by
device manufacturers if necessary. Since the Android
"Donut" release (v1.6) the scripting language is called
Edify and is defined primarily in the bootable/recovery/
{edify,edifyscripting,updater} directories of the Android
source-code tree.
####Article by SHIVAM PANDEY ####
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